"Santificad a Dios el Señor en vuestros corazones, y estad siempre preparados para presentar defensa con mansedumbre y reverencia ante todo el que os demande razón de la esperanza que hay en vosotros; teniendo buena conciencia, para que en lo que murmuran de vosotros como de malhechores, sean avergonzados los que calumnian vuestra buena conducta en Cristo".
— 1 Pedro 3:15-16
Los argumentos cosmológicos buscan apoyar la creencia de que existe una causa, terreno o explicación del cosmos o sus componentes.
Tomás de Aquino, ST I, 2.3. SCG I, 13. Angel Luis Gonzalez, Teología Natural (EUNSA, 2008), cap. 2. Etienne Gilson, El tomismo (EUNSA, 2014), cap. 2. Michel Grison, Teologia natural o teodicea (Herder, 1989), part. 1, cap. 2. R. Garrigou-Lagrange, La existencia de Dios (Palabra, 1976), cap. 3. Dante A. Urbina, ¿Dios existe? (CreateSpace, 2016), part. 2, cap. 1. John Wippel, The Metaphysical Thought of Thomas Aquinas (The Catholic University Press of America, 2000), pg. 444-459. Edward Feser, Aquinas (Oneworld, 2009), pg. 65-81. Sobre la distinción entre series ordenadas per accidens y per se, y los problemas con esta última, véase Patterson Brown, "Infinite Causal Regression," en Kenny (ed.), Aquinas: A Collection of Critical Essays (Notre Dame, 1976), pg. 214-236. Caleb Cohoe, "There Must be a First: Why Thomas Aquinas Rejects Infinite, Essentially Ordered, Casual Series," British Journal for the History of Philosophy 21/5 (2013), pg. 838-856.
Tomás de Aquino, ST I, 2.3. SCG I, 13. Angel Luis Gonzalez, Teología Natural (EUNSA, 2008), cap. 2. Etienne Gilson, El tomismo (EUNSA, 2014), cap. 2. Michel Grison, Teologia natural o teodicea (Herder, 1989), part. 1, cap. 2. R. Garrigou-Lagrange, La existencia de Dios (Palabra, 1976), cap. 3. Dante A. Urbina, ¿Dios existe? (CreateSpace, 2016), part. 2, cap. 2. John Wippel, The Metaphysical Thought of Thomas Aquinas (The Catholic University Press of America, 2000), pg. 459-462. Edward Feser, Aquinas (Oneworld, 2009), pg. 81-90. Sobre la distinción entre series ordenadas per accidens y per se, y los problemas con esta última, véase Patterson Brown, "Infinite Causal Regression," en Kenny (ed.), Aquinas: A Collection of Critical Essays (Notre Dame, 1976), pg. 214-236. Caleb Cohoe, "There Must be a First: Why Thomas Aquinas Rejects Infinite, Essentially Ordered, Casual Series," British Journal for the History of Philosophy 21/5 (2013), pg. 838-856.
Tomás de Aquino, ST I, 2.3. SCG I, 13. Angel Luis Gonzalez, Teología Natural (EUNSA, 2008), cap. 2. Etienne Gilson, El tomismo (EUNSA, 2014), cap. 2. Michel Grison, Teologia natural o teodicea (Herder, 1989), part. 1, cap. 2. R. Garrigou-Lagrange, La existencia de Dios (Palabra, 1976), cap. 3. Dante A. Urbina, ¿Dios existe? (CreateSpace, 2016), part. 2, cap. 3. John Wippel, The Metaphysical Thought of Thomas Aquinas (The Catholic University Press of America, 2000), pg. 462-469. Edward Feser, Aquinas (Oneworld, 2009), pg. 90-99. Sobre la distinción entre series ordenadas per accidens y per se, y los problemas con esta última, véase Patterson Brown, "Infinite Causal Regression," en Kenny (ed.), Aquinas: A Collection of Critical Essays (Notre Dame, 1976), pg. 214-236. Caleb Cohoe, "There Must be a First: Why Thomas Aquinas Rejects Infinite, Essentially Ordered, Casual Series," British Journal for the History of Philosophy 21/5 (2013), pg. 838-856.
William Lane Craig, The Kalam Cosmological Argument (Wipf & Stock, 1979). Mark Nowacki, The Kalam Cosmological Argument for God, (Prometheus Books, 2007). William Lane Craig y James Sinclair, "The Kalam Cosmological Argument," en Craig y Moreland (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology (Blackwell, 2009), cap. 3. Jabocus Erasmus, The Kalam Cosmological Argument: A Reassessment (Springer, 2018).
Andrew Ter Ern Loke, God and Ultimate Origins (Palgrave Macmillan, 2017). Andrew Ter Ern Loke, “The Kalam Cosmological Argument,” en Ruloff y Horban (eds.), Contemporary Arguments in Natural Theology (Bloomsbury, 2021), cap. 2.
Calum Miller, “A Bayesian Formulation of the Kalam Cosmological Argument,” Religious Studies 50/4 (2014), pg. 521-534.
Alexander Pruss, “The Leibnizian Cosmological Argument,” en Craig y Moreland (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology (Blackwell, 2009), cap. 2. Para la defensa de la PRS, véase Alexander Pruss, The Principle of Sufficient Reason: A Reassessment (Cambridge, 2006).
G. W. Leibniz, “The Ultimate Origination of things”. G. W. Leibniz, “Monadología.” Para la defensa de la PRS y su aplicación al universo, véase Alexander Pruss, The Principle of Sufficient Reason: A Reassessment (Cambridge, 2006).
Stephen T. Davis, "The Cosmological Argument and the Epistemic Status of Belief in God," Philosophia Christi 1/1 (1999), 5-16. For defense of the PSR and its application to the universe, see Alexander Pruss, The Principle of Sufficient Reason: A Reassessment (Cambridge, 2006).
He modificado la formulación de Craig como se presenta en William Lane Craig, Reasonable Faith (Crossway, 2008), pg. 106-111. Para la defensa de la PRS y su aplicación al universo, véase Alexander Pruss, The Principle of Sufficient Reason: A Reassessment (Cambridge, 2006).
Alexander Pruss, “The Leibnizian Cosmological Argument,” en Craig y Moreland (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology (Blackwell, 2009), cap. 2. Para la defensa de la PRS, véase Alexander Pruss, The Principle of Sufficient Reason: A Reassessment (Cambridge, 2006).
Robert Koons, “A New Look at the Cosmological Argument,” American Philosophical Quarterly 34/2 (1997), pg. 193-211. Para un argumento similar, véase John O’Leary Hawthorne and Andrew Cortens, “The Principle of Necessary Reason,” Faith and Philosophy 10/1 (1993), pg. 60-67.
Alexander Pruss and Joshua Rasmussen, Necessary Existence (Oxford, 2018), cap. 3. Para la defensa de la PRS, véase Alexander Pruss, The Principle of Sufficient Reason: A Reassessment (Cambridge, 2006).
Anselm, Reply to Guanilo, I. A. D. Smith, Anselm’s Other Argument (Harvard, 2014).
Juan Duns Escoto, Tratado del primer principio 3.1-19. Timothy O’Connor, “Scotus on the Existence of a First Efficient Cause,” International Journal for the Philosophy of Religion 33 (1993), pg. 17-32.
James F. Ross, Philosophical Theology (Bobbs- Merrill, 1969), pg. 173-181. Silogismo tomado de Richard Gale, On the Nature and Existence of God (Cambridge, 1991), pg. 203-205.
Brian Leftow, “A Modal Cosmological Argument,” International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 24/3 (1988), pg. 159-188.
Bernard Katz y Elmar Kremer, "The Cosmological Argument Without the Principle of Sufficient Reason," Faith and Philosophy 14/1 (1997), pg. 62-70.
Richard Gale y Alexander Pruss, “A New Cosmological Argument,” Religious Studies 35/4 (1999), pg. 461-476. Gale y Pruss hablan de un Gran Hecho Contingente Conjuntivo, o BCCF. Sustituyo "hecho" por "proposición" para facilitar la exposición.
Joshua Rasmussen, “A New Argument for a Necessary Being,” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 89/2 (2011), pg. 351-356. John Turri, “A New and Improved Argument for a Necessary Being,” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 89/2 (2011), pg. 357-359.
Joshua Rasmussen y Christopher Weaver, "Why is There Anything at All?" en Walls y Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 137-156. Véase también Joshua Rasmussen, "From States of Affairs to a Necessary Being," Philosophical Studies 148/2 (2010), pg. 183-200. Christopher Weaver, "Yet Another New Cosmological Argument," International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 80 (2016), pg. 11-31.
Alexander Pruss y Joshua Rasmussen, Necessary Existence (Oxford, 2018), cap. 4. Véase también Joshua Rasmussen, “From States of Affairs to a Necessary Being,” Philosophical Studies 148/2 (2010), pg. 183-200.
Alexander Pruss and Joshua Rasmussen, Necessary Existence (Oxford, 2018), cap. 5. Véase también Joshua Rasmussen, “A New Argument for a Necessary Being,” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 89/2 (2011), pg. 351-356.
Descartes, Meditation III. Robert Delahunty, "Descartes' Cosmological Argument," The Philosophical Quarterly 30/118 (1980), pg. 34-46. Lawrence Nolan, "The Third Meditation: Causal Arguments for God's Existence," en Cunning (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Descartes' Meditation (Cambridge, 2014), pg. 127-148.
Descartes, Meditation III. Robert Delahunty, “Descartes’ Cosmological Argument,” The Philosophical Quarterly 30/118 (1980), pg. 34-46. Lawrence Nolan, “The Third Meditation: Causal Arguments for God’s Existence,” en Cunning (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Descartes’ Meditation (Cambridge, 2014), pg. 127-148.
Samuel Clarke, A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God. Una buena discusión sobre Clarke es William Rowe, The Cosmological Argument (Princeton, 1975) y Richard Gale, On the Nature and Existence of God (Cambridge, 1991), pg. 244ff. Bruce Reichenbach defiende un argumento similar en The Cosmological argument: A Reassessment (Charles C. Thomas, 1972) y, más recientemente, en la obra de Soufiane Hamri “On the Ultimate Ground of Being,” International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 83/2 (2018), pg. 161-168 y “The Modal Symmetry First Cause Argument,” Religious Studies 55/1 (2019), pg. 77-84.
Bolzano, Lehrbuch der Religionswissenschaft. Discutido en Peter Simons, Parts: A Study in Ontology (Oxford, 1987), pg. 321-323.
Robert K. Meyer, "God Exists!" Nous 21/3 (1987), pg. 345-361. Alexander Pruss, "Meyer's (or Putnam's) Proof of the Existence of God." El silogismo debe mucho a Graham Oppy, Arguing About Gods (Cambridge, 2006), pg. 123-125.
Richard Swinburne, The Existence of God (Oxford, 2004), cap. 7.
Emanuel Rutten, Towards a Renewed Case for Theism (Wöhrmann, 2012), cap. 6.
Duen-Min Deng, “A New Cosmological Argument from Grounding,” Analysis 80/3 (2019), pg. 418-426.
Nadie nunca. “The Straw Man that Will Not Die” (Freethunk Press).
Los argumentos ontológicos buscan demostrar la existencia de Dios basada en la idea o concepto de Dios.
Anselm, Proslogion II. Robert Adams, "The Logical Structure of Anselm's Arguments," The Philosophical Review 80/1 (1971), pg. 28-54. Brian Davies, "Anselm and the Ontological Argument." In Davies & Leftow (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Anselm (Cambridge, 2004), pg. 157-178.
Anselm, Proslogion II. Robert Adams, "The Logical Structure of Anselm's Arguments," The Philosophical Review 80/1 (1971), pg. 28-54. Brian Davies, "Anselm and the Ontological Argument." In Davies & Leftow (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Anselm (Cambridge, 2004), pg. 157-178.
Anselm, Proslogion III. Charles Hartshorne, The Logic of Perfection (Open Court, 1962).
Anselm, Proslogion III. Norman Malcolm, "Anselm's Ontological Arguments," The Philosophical Review 69/1 (1960), pg. 41-62.
Descartes, Meditation V. Lawrence Nolan, "Descartes." en Oppy (Ed.), Ontological Arguments (Cambridge, 2018), pg. 53-74. Lawrence Nolan, "Descartes' Ontological Argument," Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2020).
Alvin Plantinga, The Nature of Necessity (Oxford, 1974).
Stephen Kearns, "A modified Meditation: exploring a grounding modal ontological argument," Religious Studies 58/4 (2021), pg. 801-813.
Marco Hausmann, "The Actual Challenge for the Ontological Argument," Analysis 82/2 (2022), pg. 222-230.
C. Anthony Anderson, "Some Emendations on Gödel's Ontological Proof," Faith and Philosophy 7/3 (1990), pg. 291-303. Alexander Pruss, "Gödel," en Oppy (ed.), Ontological Arguments (Cambridge, 2018), pg. 139-154. El silogismo contiene ligeras modificaciones y simplificaciones.
Robert Maydole, "Ontological Arguments," en Craig and Moreland (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology (Blackwell, 2009), pg. 580ff.
C'Zar Bernstein, "Is God's Existence Possible?" Heythrop Journal 59/3 (2018), pg. 424-432. "Giving the Ontological Argument its Due," Philosophia 42/3 (2014), pg. 665-679.
Alexander Pruss and Joshua Rasmussen, Necessary Existence (Oxford, 2018), cap. 8.
Carl Kordig, "A Deontic Argument for God's Existence," Nous 15/2 (1981), pg. 207-208. William Vallicella, "Does God Exist Because He Ought to Exist?" in Szatkowski (ed.), Ontology of Theistic Beliefs (De Gruyter, 2018), pg. 205–212. Further defense of the axiarchic principle can be found in John Leslie's work, e.g., his Value and Existence (Blackwell, 1979).
Alexander Pruss, "Śamkara's Principle and Two Ontomystical Arguments," International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 49 (2001), pg. 111-120.
Alexander Pruss, "The Ontological Argument and the Motivational Centers of Lives," Religious Studies 46/2 (2010), pg. 233-249
Yujin Nagasawa, Maximal God (Oxford, 2017).
Joshua Rasmussen, "Plantinga," en Oppy (ed.), Ontological Arguments (Cambridge, 2018), pg. 176-194.
Todd Buras y Michael Cantrell, "C. S. Lewis's Argument from Nostalgia: A New Argument from Desire," en Walls y Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 304-320.
Benjamin Arbour, "Dogmatic Open-Mindedness and Open-Minded Dogmatics," en Trickett y Gilhooly (eds.), Open-Mindedness in Philosophy of Religion (Cambridge Scholars, 2019), cap. 5.
C. A. McIntosh, "A Defense of Modal Appearances," International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 89 (2021), pg. 243-261.
James Collin, "The Reverse Ontological Argument," Analysis 82/3 (2022), pg. 410-416.
Los argumentos de diseño buscan apoyar la creencia de que el universo, o las cosas naturales en el universo, son el producto del diseño intencional.
Tomás de Aquino, ST I, 2.3. Angel Luis Gonzalez, Teología Natural (EUNSA, 2008), cap. 2. Etienne Gilson, El tomismo (EUNSA, 2014), cap. 2. Michel Grison, Teología natural o teodicea (Herder, 1989), part. 1, cap. 2. R. Garrigou-Lagrange, La existencia de Dios (Palabra, 1976), cap. 3. John Wippel, The Metaphysical Thought of Thomas Aquinas (The Catholic University Press of America, 2000), pg. 480-485. John Kronen and Sandra Menssen, "Hylomorphism and Design: A Reconsideration of Aquinas' Fifth Way," The Modern Schoolman 89 (2012), 155-180. Edward Feser, "Between Aristotle and William Paley: Aquinas' Fifth Way," Nova et Vetera 11/3 (2013), pg. 707-749.
Alvin Plantinga, Warrant and Proper Function (Oxford, 1993), esp. cap. 11. Aunque lo restringe a los organismos y sus partes, Plantinga considera que se trata de una versión de la Quinta Vía de Aquino. Véase también Noological Arguments: Knowledge as Proper Function; Epistemic Probability and Proper Function.
Charles B. Thaxton, Walter L. Bradley, Roger L. Olsen, The Mystery of Life's Origin: Reassessing Current Theories (Lewis & Stanley, 1992). Stephen Meyer, The Signature in the Cell (HarperOne, 2009) actualiza Thaxton, et al.
Hugh Chandler, "Divine Intervention and the Origin of Life," Faith and Philosophy 10/2 (1993), pg. 170-180
William Paley, Natural Theology. Para un excelente análisis de Paley, véase Benjamin Jantzen, An Introduction to Design Arguments (Cambridge, 2014), cap. 8.
Michael Behe, Darwin's Black Box (The Free Press, 1996). Behe, "The Modern Intelligent Design Hypothesis," en Manson (ed.), God and Design (Routledge, 2003), pg. 277-291. Behe, "The Argument from Biological Complexity," en Ruloff y Horban, Contemporary Arguments in natural Theology (Bloomsbury, 2021), pg. 89-108.
Stephen Meyer, The Signature in the Cell (HarperOne, 2010). Meyer, "The Argument from Biological Information," in Ruloff and Horban, Contemporary Arguments in natural Theology (Bloomsbury, 2021), pg. 109-127. Véase también los ensayos en Robert Marks II, et al. (eds.), Biological Information: New Perspectives (World Scientific Publishing Co., 2013).
Alexander Pruss, "Programs, Bugs, DNA, and a Design Argument" en Nagasawa y Wielenberg (eds.), New Waves in Philosophy of Religion (Palgrave, 2009).
William Lane Craig, "Design and the Anthropic Fine-Tuning of the Universe," en Manson (ed.), God and Design (Routledge, 2003), pg. 155-177. Craig, Reasonable Faith (Corssway, 2008), pg. 157-172.
Richard Swinburne, The Existence of God (Oxford, 2004).
Michael Rota, "The Fine-Tuning Argument," en Ruloff y Horban, Contemporary Arguments in natural Theology (Bloomsbury, 2021), pg. 69-87.
Robin Collins, "The Teleological Argument: An Exploration of the Fine-Tuning of the Universe," en Craig y Moreland (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology (Blackwell, 2009), cap. 4. El libro de Collins, A Well-Tempered Universe, desde hace más de 20 años.
Robin Collins, "Fine-Tuning for Discoverability," en Walls y Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 89-107.
F. R. Tennant, Philosophical Theology Vol. II (Cambridge, 1930), pg. 78-120. Para más información sobre ejemplos de teleología más amplia en bioquímica, véase Michael Denton, Nature's Destiny (Free Press, 1998). Para ejemplos de astronomía, véase Guillermo Gonzalez y Jay Richards, The Privileged Planet (Regnery, 2004).
Del Ratzsch, "Perceiving Design," en Manson (ed.), God and Design (Routledge, 2003), pg. 124-144. Alvin Plantinga, Where the Conflict Really Lies (Oxford, 2011), cap. 8. C. Stephen Evans, "The Naïve Teleological Argument," en Walls y Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 108-122.
Los argumentos morales atraen a los hechos sobre la moralidad y nuestras creencias morales, comportamientos y experiencia como apoyo al teísmo.
William Lane Craig, Reasonable Faith (Crossway, 2008), pg. 172-183. Adam Johnson (ed.), A Debate on God and Morality: What is the Best Account of Objective Moral Values and Duties? (Routledge, 2020).
William Lane Craig, Reasonable Faith (Crossway, 2008), pg. 172-183. Adam Johnson (ed.), A Debate on God and Morality: What is the Best Account of Objective Moral Values and Duties? (Routledge, 2020).
George Mavrodes, "Religion and the Queerness of Morality," en Audi y Wainwright (eds.), Rationality, Religious Belief, and Moral Commitment Cornell, 1986), pg. 213–226. Robert Adams, Finite and Infinite Goods (Oxford, 1999). C. Stephen Evans, God and Moral Obligation (Oxford, 2013).
Gregory Ganssle, "Evil as Evidence for Christianity," en Meister y Dew (eds.), God and Evil (IVP, 2013), cap. 15.
David Alexander, God, Goodness, and Evil (Bloomsbury, 2012), cap. 5.
Alvin Plantinga, "Two Dozen (or so) Theistic Arguments," en Walls y Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 476-477. Véase también C. S. Lewis, discussed in Baggett and Walls, The Moral Argument (Oxford, 2019), p. 167. Other formulations are considered in Daryl Ooi, "Theistic Arguments from Horrendous Evils," Philosophy Compass 17/8 (2022).
Clement Dore, Theism (D. Reidel, 1984), cap. 4
John Henry Newman, A Grammar of Assent (1870), cap. 5. John Cottingham, "Conscience: What Is Its History and Does It Have a Future?" History of European Ideas 45/3 (2019), pg. 338-345.
Kant, Critique of Practical Reason. Véase también Stewart Goetz, The Purpose of Life (Continuum, 2012), cap. 2. A similar argument is discussed in Allen Wood, Kant and Religion (Cambridge, 2020), p. 46ff.
Gathered from David Baggett and Jerry Walls's discussion of Sidgwick and Kant in Good God: The Theistic Foundations of Morality (Oxford, 2011), pg. 12-15.
Robert Adams, "Moral Arguments for Theistic Belief," en Delaney (ed.), Rationality and Religious Belief (Notre Dame, 1979), pg. 116-140.
Linda Zagzebski, "Does Ethics need God?" -Faith and Philosophy 4/3 (1987), pg. 294-303.
John Hare, The Moral Gap (Oxford, 1996).
C. Stephen Layman, "God and the Moral Order," Faith and Philosophy 19/3 (2002), pg. 304-316.
David Oderberg, "Morality, Religion, and Cosmic Justice," Philosophical Investigations 34/2 (2011), pg. 189-213.
Algo parecido a este argumento puede deducirse de C. S. Lewis, La abolición del hombre.
Mark Linville, "The Moral Argument," en Craig y Moreland (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology (Blackwell, 2009), cap. 7. Angus Menuge, "Why Humans Rights Cannot be Naturalized: The Contingency Problem," en Menuge (ed.), Legitimizing Human Rights (Ashgate, 2013), cap. 3. Philip Swensen and Dustin Crummett, "God and Moral Knowledge," en Rasmussen y Vallier (eds.), The New Theist Response to the New Atheists (Routledge, 2020), cap. 3.
Angus Ritchie, From Morality to Metaphysics (Oxford, 2012).
Jeffrey Schloss, "Evolutionary Accounts of Altruism and the Problem of Goodness by Design," en Dembski (ed.), Mere Creation (IVP, 1998), cap. 10. Véase también Colin Grant, Altruism and Christian Ethic (Cambridge, 2001).
Alexander Pruss, "Altruism, Normalcy, and God," en Nowack y Coakley (eds.), Evolution, Games, and God (Harvard, 2013).
Mark Linville, "The Moral Argument," en Craig y Moreland (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology (Blackwell, 2009), cap. 7. David Baggett y Jerry Walls, God and Cosmos: Moral Truth and Human Meaning (Oxford University Press, 2016), cap. 4.
J. P. Moreland, The Recalcitrant Imago Dei (SCM, 2009), cap. 6.
Nicholas Wolterstorff, "On Secular and Theistic Groundings of Human Rights," y "Grounding the Rights we Have as Human Persons" en Understanding Liberal Democracy: Essays in Political Philosophy, ed. Terence Cuneo (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), caps. 7 y 8, respectivamente. Véase también John Warwick Montgomery, Human Rights and Human Dignity (Zondervan, 1986) y los ensayos pertinentes en Angus Menuge (ed.), Legitimizing Human Rights (Ashgate, 2013).
William Alston, "The Fulfillment of Promises as Evidence for Religious Belief," en Radcliffe y White (eds.), Faith in Theory and Practice: Essays on Justifying Religious Belief (Open Court, 1993), pg. 1-34. Michael Rota, Taking Pascal's Wager (IVP, 2016), caps. 13-15.
Paul Copan y Thom Wolf, "Another Dimension of the Moral Argument: The Voice of Jesus and the Historical Fruits of the Christian Faith," en Rasmussen y Vallier (ed.), A New Theist Response to the New Atheists (Routledge, 2020), cap. 10. Rodney Stark, The Victory of Reason: How Christianity Led to Freedom, Capitalism, and Western Success (Random House, 2006). Nick Spencer, The Evolution of the West: How Christianity has Shaped our Values (SPCK, 2016).
Los argumentos de los milagros apelan a ciertos eventos, históricos o contemporáneos, como apoyo a la creencia en la actividad sobrenatural de un ser semejante a Dios.
Esquema adaptado de Daniel Bonevac, "The Argument from Miracles," en Kvanvig (ed.), Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 3 (Oxford, 2011), pg. 16-40. Para una revisión exhaustiva de los relatos históricos y contemporáneos de sucesos milagrosos, véase Craig Keener, Miracles Vols. 1 & 2 (Baker Academic, 2011). Keener, Miracles Today (Baker Academic, 2021). Para un tratamiento agradable, aunque breve, de los milagros y otras religiones, véase David Clark, "Miracles in the World Religions," en Geivett y Habermas (eds.), In Defense of Miracles (IVP, 1997), cap.12
Tyron Goldschmidt, "A Proof of Exodus," en Lebens, et al. (eds.), Jewish Philosophy in an Analytic Age (Oxford, 2019), pg. 222-242. Sobre la fiabilidad general del relato del Éxodo, véase James K. Hoffmeier, Israel in Egypt: The Evidence for the Authenticity of the Exodus Tradition (Oxford, 1996); Hoffmeier, Ancient Israel in Sinai: The Evidence for the Authenticity of the Wilderness Tradition (Oxford, 2005). Hoffmeier, et al. (eds.), "Did I Not Bring Israel Out of Egypt?" (Eisenbrauns, 2016). K. A. Kitchens, On the Reliability of the Old Testament (Eerdmans, 2003).
Peter Stoner, Science Speaks (Moody Press, ed. 1975). Robert Newman (ed.), The Evidence of Prophecy (Interdisciplinary Biblical Research Institute, 1998). Robert Newman, "Fulfilled Prophecy as Miracle," in Geivett and Habermas (eds.), In Defense of Miracles (IVP, 1997), cap.13. Hugh Gauch, "Best Practices for Prophecy Arguments," Philosophia Christi 16/2 (2014), pg. 255-282.
Lydia McGrew, "Probabilistic Issues Concerning Jesus of Nazareth and Messianic Death Prophecies," Philosophia Christi 15/2 (2013), pg. 85-102. Douglas Scott, Is Jesus of Nazareth the Predicted Messiah? (Wipf & Stock, 2018).
William Lane Craig formula el argumento de esta manera en muchos de sus debates. Por ejemplo, Craig y Sinnot-Armstrong, God? A Debate between a Christian and an Atheist (Oxford, 2004).
Timothy y Lydia McGrew, "The Argument from Miracles: A Cumulative Case for the Resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth," en Craig y Moreland (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology (Blackwell, 2009), cap. 11.
Richard Swinburne, The Resurrection of God Incarnate (Oxford, 2003). Swinburne, Was Jesus God? (Oxford, 2008).
Sandra Menssen y Thomas Sullivan, "The Argument from Ramified Natural Theology," en Ruloff y Horban, Contemporary Arguments in natural Theology (Bloomsbury, 2021), pg. 311-325.
Sandra Menssen y Thomas Sullivan, "The Argument from Ramified Natural Theology," en Ruloff y Horban, Contemporary Arguments in natural Theology (Bloomsbury, 2021), pg. 311-325.
Stephen T. Davis, Christian Philosophical Theology (Oxford, 2006), cap. 9. He modificado ligeramente la formulación de Davis. Davis defiende además el argumento en "The Mad/Bad/God Trilemma: A Reply to Daniel Howard-Snyder," Faith and Philosophy 21/4 (2004), pg. 480-492. Para la declaración clásica de C. S. Lewis, véase Mero Cristianismo (Macmillan, 1960), pg. 40-41. Otros defensores notables son John Montgomery, History and Christianity (Bethany House, 1986). Peter Kreeft, Between Heaven and Hell (IVP, 1982). C. Stephen Evans, Why Believe (Eerdmans, 1996), cap. 8.
Los argumentos experienciales apelan a experiencias de significado religioso como apoyo al teísmo.
Richard Swinburne, The Existence of God (Oxford, 2004), cap. 13. Richard Swinburne, "Phenomenal Conservatism and Religious Experience," en Benton et al. (eds.), Knowledge, Belief, and God: New Insights in Religious Epistemology (Oxford, 2018), pg. 322-338. Otras defensas de enfoque similar son Terence Penelhum, God and Skepticism (D. Reidel, 1983). Kai-Man Kwan, The Rainbow of Experiences, Critical Trust, and God (Continuum, 2011).
Recopilado de C. F. Davis, The Evidential Force of Religious Experience (Oxford, 1989), pg. 67-70.
William Alston, Perceiving God (Cornell, 1991).
William Alston, Perceiving God (Cornell, 1991).
Garth Hallett, A Middle Way to God (Oxford, 2000). Véase también C. F. Davis, The Evidential Force of Religious Experience (Oxford, 1989), pg. 77-82. Paul Moser, Understanding Religious Experience (Cambridge, 2020), cap. 7.
Keith Yandell, The Epistemology of Religious Experience (Cambridge, 1993). Jerome Gellman, Experience of God and the Rationality of Theistic Belief (Cornell, 1997). Harold Netland, Religious Experience and Knowledge of God (Baker Academic, 2022), pg. 239-248. También son relevantes para la premisa (1) las llamadas visiones crísticas. Véase Phillip Wiebe, Visions of Jesus (Oxford, 1997).
Alexander Pruss, "Śamkara's Principle and Two Ontomystical Arguments," International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 49 (2001), pg. 111-120.
William Alston, "The Fulfillment of Promises as Evidence for Religious Belief," en Radcliffe y White (eds.), Faith in Theory and Practice: Essays on Justifying Religious Belief (Open Court, 1993), pg. 1-34. William Abraham, Aldersgate and Athens (Baylor, 2010), pg. 6-21. Michael Rota, Taking Pascal's Wager (IVP, 2016), caps. 13-15. Harold Netland, Religious Experience and Knowledge of God (Baker Academic, 2022), pg. 248-258.
Phillip Wiebe, God and Other Spirits (Oxford, 2004). Sobre los aumentos filosóficos de la existencia de los demonios, véase también Shandon Guthrie, Gods of this World (Pickwick, 2018).
L. W. Bailey y J. Yates, The Near-Death Experience: A Reader (Routledge, 1996). Holden, et al (eds.), The Handbook of Near-Death Experiences: Thirty Years of Investigation (Praeger, 2009). J. M. Holden, The Self Does Not Die (IANDS, 2016). Gary Habermas, "Evidential Near-Death Experiences," in Loose, et al. (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Substance Dualism (Blackwell, 2018), cap. 14.
Los argumentos pragmáticos apelan a consideraciones prácticas, en lugar de probatorias, que apoyan la creencia o el compromiso con el teísmo.
Pascal, Pensées. Silogismo adaptado de Jeff Jordan, Pascal's Wager (Oxford, 2006).
Pascal, Pensées. Silogismo adaptado de Jeff Jordan, Pascal's Wager (Oxford, 2006).
Pascal, Pensées. Silogismo adaptado de Jeff Jordan, Pascal's Wager (Oxford, 2006).
Pascal, Pensées. Silogismo adaptado de Jeff Jordan, Pascal's Wager (Oxford, 2006).
Discutido en Jeff Jordan, Pascal's Wager (Oxford, 2006), pg. 31ff.
William James, The Will to Believe. Una excelente discusión es Jeff Jordan, "The Wager and William James," en Bartha y Pasternack (eds.), Pascal's Wager (Cambridge, 2018), pg. 101-120.
L. Stafford Betty, "Going Beyond James: A Pragmatic Argument for God's Existence" International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 49/2 (2001), pg. 69-84.
Jeff Jordan, Pascal's Wager (Oxford, 2006).
Michael Rota, Taking Pascal's Wager (IVP Academic, 2016). Para más información sobre estudios empíricos sobre los beneficios de las creencias religiosas, véase Jeff Jordan, Pascal's Wager (Oxford, 2006), pg. 90ff. Justin McBrayer, "The Wager Renewed: Believing in God is Good for You," Science, Religion and Culture 1/3, pg. 130–140.
Liz Jackson y Andrew Rogers, "Salvaging Pascal's Wager," Philosophia Christi 21/1 (2019), pg. 59-84.
Richard Creel, "Agatheism: A Justification of the Rationality of Devotion to God," Faith and philosophy 10/1 (1993), pg. 33-48.
Robert Adams, "Moral Arguments for Theistic Belief," en Delaney (ed.), Rationality and Religious Belief (Notre Dame, 1979), pg. 116-140.
Richard Gale encuentra este argumento en William James, y finalmente lo rechaza. Véase su On the Nature and Existence of God (Cambridge, 1991). Philip Quinn lo defiende frente a las críticas de Gale en "Gale on a Pragmatic Argument for Religious Belief" Philo 6/1 (2003), pg. 59-66.
T. Ryan Byerly, "The Transformative Power of Accepting God's Love," Religious Studies 58 (2022), p. 831-845.
Paul Copan y Thom Wolf, "Another Dimension of the Moral Argument: The Voice of Jesus and the Historical Fruits of the Christian Faith," en Rasmussen y Vallier (eds.), A New Theist Response to the New Atheists (Routledge, 2020), cap. 10. Para más información sobre el impacto del cristianismo en el mundo, véase Rodney Stark, The Victory of Reason: How Christianity Led to Freedom, Capitalism, and Western Success (Random House, 2006). Nick Spencer, The Evolution of the West: How Christianity has Shaped our Values (SPCK, 2016).
Los argumentos metafísicos apelan a ciertos hechos metafísicos, relaciones y entidades como apoyo al teísmo.
Existen muchas variantes de este argumento, que a menudo se atribuye a Agustín. Las defensas incluyen: Robert Adams, "Divine Necessity," The Journal of Philosophy 80 (1983), pg. 741-752. E. J. Lowe, "Naturalism, Theism, and Objects of Reason," Philosophia Christi, 15/1 (2013), pg. 35-45. Edward Feser, Five Proofs of the Existence of God (Ignatius, 2017), cap. 3. Greg Welty, "The Conceptualist Argument," en Ruloff y Horban (eds.), Contemporary Arguments in Natural Theology (Bloomsbury, 2021), pg. 217-233.
E. J. Lowe, "A New Modal Version of the Ontological Argument," en Szatkowski (ed.), Ontological Proofs Today (Ontos Verlag, 2012), cap. 8.
Alexander Pruss y Joshua Rasmussen, Necessary Existence (Oxford, 2018), cap. 7.
Brian Leftow, God and Necessity (Oxford, 2012).
Quentin Smith, "A Conceptualist Argument for God's Existence," Faith and Philosophy, 11/1 (1994), pg. 38-49. James Anderson y Greg Welty, "The Lord of Non-Contradiction: An Argument for God from Logic," Philosophia Christi, 13/2 (2011), pg. 321-338. Richard Davis, "God and the Platonic Horde: A Defense of Limited Conceptualism," Philosophia Christi, 13/2 (2011), pg. 289-303. Lorraine Keller, "Against Naturalized Cognitive Propositions," Erkenntnis 82/4 (2017), pg. 929-946. Keller, "The Argument from Intentionality (or Aboutness): Propositions Supernaturalized," en Walls & Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 11-28.
Travis Dumsday, "A Cosmological Argument from Moderate Realism," Heythrop Journal 61/5 (2020), pg. 732-736. Véase también Travis Dumsday, Dispositionalism and the Metaphysics of Science (Cambridge, 2021), cap. 2.
Christopher Menzel, "The Argument from Collections," en Walls & Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 29-58.
A. C. Paseau, "Logos, Logic and Maximal Infinity," Religious Studies 58/2 (2022), pg. 420-435.
William Vallicella, "From Facts to God: An Onto-Cosmological Argument," International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 48/3 (2000), pg. 157-181.
David Braine, The Reality of Time and the Existence of God (Oxford, 1988).
J. Kronen y S. Menssen, "The Argument from Wholes: A Classical Hindu Design Argument for the Existence of God," Faith and Philosophy 30/2 (2013), pg. 138-158.
Paulo Juarez, "From the Unity of the World to God: A Teleo-Cosmological Argument for God's Existence," Scientia et Fides 5/2 (2017), pg. 283-303.
Joshua Rasmussen y Felipe Leon, Is God the Best Explanation of Things? (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019).
Joshua Rasmussen, How Reason Can Lead to God (IVP, 2019).
Brian Leftow, "The Argument from Possibility," en Walls & Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 406-416.
Eugene Wigner, "The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences," Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics 13/1 (1960), pg. 1-14. Mark Steiner, The Applicability of Mathematics as a Philosophical Problem (Harvard, 1998). William Lane Craig, "God and the Applicability of Mathematics," en Ruloff y Horban (eds.), Contemporary Arguments in Natural Theology (Bloomsbury, 2021), pg. 195-216.
Los argumentos axiológicos apelan a los tipos de valor no morales como apoyo al teísmo.
Tomás de Aquino, ST I, 2.3. SCG I, 13. Angel Luis Gonzalez, Ser y participación: Estudio sobre la cuarta vía de Tomás de Aquino (EUNSA, 2001). Angel Luis Gonzalez, Teología Natural (EUNSA, 2008), cap. 2. Etienne Gilson, El tomismo (EUNSA, 2014), cap. 2. Michel Grison, Teologia natural o teodicea (Herder, 1989), part. 1, cap. 2. R. Garrigou-Lagrange, La existencia de Dios (Palabra, 1976), cap. 3. Una buena defensa actualizada es David Alexander, God, Goodness, and Evil (Bloomsbury, 2012), cap. 5
Anselm, Monologion I-II. Christophe de Ray, "Why the Good is Supremely Good: A Defense of the Monologion Proof," Religious Studies 58 (2022), pg. 715-731.
La defensa clásica del principio axiárquico es John Leslie, Value and Existence (Blackwell, 1979). Para una aplicación más explícita al teísmo, véase A. C. Ewing, "Two 'Proofs' of God's Existence," Religious Studies 1 (1966), pg. 29-46. Hugh Rice, God and Goodness (Oxford, 2000).
Carl Kordig, "A Deontic Argument for God's Existence," Nous 15/2 (1981), pg. 207-208. William Vallicella, "Does God Exist Because He Ought to Exist?" in Szatkowski (ed.), Ontology of Theistic Beliefs (De Gruyter, 2018), pg. 205–212.
Phillip Tallon, "The Mozart Argument and the Argument from Play and Enjoyment: The Theistic Argument from Beauty and Play," en Walls & Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 321-340. Jonathan Ashbach, "Rediscovering the Aesthetic Argument," Philosophia Christi 23/2 (2021), pg. 291-312.
Phillip Tallon, "The Mozart Argument and the Argument from Play and Enjoyment: The Theistic Argument from Beauty and Play," in Walls & Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 321-340. Doug Geivett and James Spiegel, "Beauty: A Troubling Reality for the Scientific Naturalist," in Copan & Taliaferro (eds.), The Naturalness of Belief: New Essays on Theism's Rationality (Lexington Books, 2019), pg. 141-157. A defense of objective beauty is Eddy Zamach, Real Beauty (Pennsylvania University Press, 1997).
F. R. Tennant, Philosophical Theology, Vol. 2 (Cambridge, 1930). La defensa extendida de Tennant es Mark Wynn God and Goodness: A Natural Theological Perspective (Routlegde, 1999).
Peter Forrest, God Without the Supernatural: A Defense of Scientific Theism (Cornell, 1996). Ryan West y Adam Pelser, "Perceiving God Through Natural Beauty," Faith and Philosophy 32/3 (2015), pg. 293-312.
Ryan West y Adam Pelser, "Perceiving God Through Natural Beauty," Faith and Philosophy 32/3 (2015), pg. 293-312.
Russell Howell, "Does Mathematical Beauty Pose Problems for Naturalism?" Christian Scholar's Review, 35/4 (2006), pg. 493-504. Véase también METAFISICOS > Aplicabilidad de las matemáticas
Los argumentos noológicos apelan a los fenómenos relacionados con la mente y las consideraciones epistemológicas como apoyo al teísmo.
John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Buena discusión en Graham Oppy, Arguing About Gods (Oxford, 2006), pg. 382-385.
J. P. Moreland, Consciousness and the Existence of God (Routledge, 2008). Una presentación resumida es Moreland, "The Argument from Consciousness," en Moreland, et al. (eds.), Debating Christian Theism (Oxford, 2013), cap. 9.
Ben Page, "Arguing to Theism from Consciousness," Faith and Philosophy 37/3 (2020), pg. 336-362.
William Paley, Natural Theology (Cambridge, 1803; ed. 2009), pg. 518-519. "Suponiendo que el alimento sea necesario para el mantenimiento de la vida animal, es necesario que el animal esté provisto de órganos aptos para obtener, recibir y digerir su alimento. También puede ser necesario que el animal sea impulsado por sus sensaciones a ejercer sus órganos. Pero el dolor del hambre haría todo esto. ¿Por qué añadir placer al acto de comer, dulzura y sabor a la comida? ¿Por qué un sentido nuevo y apropiado para la percepción del placer? ¿Por qué el zumo de un melocotón, aplicado al paladar, afecta a esta parte de forma tan diferente a como lo hace cuando se frota en la palma de la mano? Esta es una constitución que, hasta donde me parece, no puede resolverse sino en la pura benevolencia del Creador. Comer es necesario; pero el placer que lo acompaña no es necesario: y que este placer depende, no sólo de que estemos en posesión del sentido del gusto, que es diferente de todos los demás, sino de un estado particular del órgano en el que reside, una feliz adaptación del órgano al objeto, será confesado por cualquiera que haya experimentado esa viciación del gusto que ocurre con frecuencia en las fiebres, cuando todos los gustos son irregulares, y todos malos".
Robert Adams, "Flavors, Colors, and God," en Adams, The Virtue of Faith (Oxford, 1987), cap. 16. Richard Swinburne, The Existence of God (Oxford, 2004), cap. 9. Swinburne, "The Argument from Flavors and Colors," en Walls y Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 293-303.
Brian Cutter y Dustin Crummett, "Psychophysical Harmony: A new Argument for Theism," Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Religion.
C. Stephen Layman, Letters to a Doubting Thomas: A Case for the Existence of God (Oxford, 2007), cap. 6. Moreland, The Recalcitrant Imago Dei (SCM, 2009), cap. 3. Moreland, "Theism, Robust Naturalism, and Robust Libertarian Free Will," en Copan & Taliaferro (eds.), The Naturalness of Belief: New Essays on Theism's Rationality (Lexington Books, 2019), pg. 217-243. Se incluye este argumento aquí porque el libre albedrío está estrechamente asociado con un alma o mente inmaterial.
Alvin Plantinga, Warrant and Proper Function (Oxford, 1993). Kenny Boyce y Andrew Moon, "In Defense of Proper Functionalism: Cognitive Science Takes on Swampman," Synthese 193/9 (2016), pg. 2987-3001. Tyler McNabb, Religious Epistemology (Cambridge, 2018). Justin Barrett, "The Argument from Positive Epistemic Status," en Walls y Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 159-169.
Richard Otte, "A Theistic Conception of Probability," en Beaty (ed.), Christian Theism and the Problems of Philosophy (Notre Dame, 1990), pg. 92-117.
Gerald Harrison, Normative Reasons and Theism (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018).
James Ross, "Immaterial Aspects of Thought," The Journal of Philosophy 89 (1992), pg. 136-150. William Hasker, The Emergent Self (Cornell, 1999). Hasker, "What is Naturalism? And Should We Be Naturalists?" Philosophia Christi 15/1 (2013), pg. 21-34. Victor Reppert, "The Argument from Reason," en Craig y Moreland (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology (Blackwell, 2009), cap. 6. Stuart Goetz, "The Argument from Reason," Philosophia Christi 15/1 (2013), pg. 47-62.
Robert Koons, "The General Argument from Intuition," en Walls y Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 238-257.
Christophe de Ray, "A New Epistemological Case for Theism," Religious Studies 58/2 (2022), pg. 379-400.
Katherine Rogers, "Evidence for God from Certainty," Faith and Philosophy 25/1 (2008), pg. 31-46.
John Bigelow, "Omnificence," Analysis 65/3 (2005), pg. 187-196.
Emanuel Rutten, "A Modal-Epistemic Argument for the Existence of God," Faith and Philosophy, 31/4 (2014), pg. 386–400.
Berkeley, Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous. Robert Adams, "Idealism Vindicated," en Van Inwagen y Zimmerman (eds.), Persons: Human and Divine (Oxford, 2007), cap. 1. Hugh Hunter, "George Berkeley's Proof for the Existence of God," International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 78/2 (2015), pg. 183-193). James Spiegel, "Idealism and the Reasonableness of Theistic Belief," en Cowan y Spiegel (eds.), Idealism and Christian Philosophy (Bloomsbury, 2016), cap. 1.
Alvin Plantinga, "How to be an Anti-Realist," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association 56/1 (1982), pg. 47-70. Véase también Michael Rea, "Theism and Epistemic Truth-Equivalences," Nous, 34/2 (2000), pg. 291-301. Michael Dummett, Thought and Reality (Oxford, 2006). W. J. Mander, "On Arguing for the Existence of God as a Synthesis between Realism and Anti-Realism," International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 74/1 (2013), pg. 99-115.
Matthew Braddock, "An Evidential Argument for Theism from Cognitive Science of Religion," en van Eyghen, et al. (eds.), New Developments in the Cognitive Science of Religion: The Rationality of Religious Belief (Springer, 2018), pg. 71-98. Véase también Justin Barrett, Why Would Anyone Believe in God? (AltaMira Press, 2004). Justin Barrett, Born Believers (Free Press, 2012). Aku Visala and Justin Barrett, "In What Senses Might Religion Be Natural?" en Copan & Taliaferro (eds.), The Naturalness of Belief: New Essays on Theism's Rationality (Lexington Books, 2019), pg. 67-84.
Alvin Plantinga, God and Other Minds: A Study in the Rational Justification of Religious Belief (Cornell, 1967).
Los argumentos antropológicos apelan a los hechos existenciales y sociales característicos de los seres humanos como apoyo al teísmo.
C. S. Lewis, Mero cristianismo. Robert Holyer, "The Argument from Desire," Faith and Philosophy 5/1 (1988), pg. 61-71. Sloan Lee, "As If Swallowing Life Itself: C. S. Lewis's Argument from Desire II," en Baggett, et al. (eds.), C. S. Lewis as Philosopher: Truth, Goodness, and Beauty (Liberty, 2017), pg. 327-346. Philip Tallon, "The Theistic Argument from Beauty and Play," en Walls y Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 321-340. Para una presentación y defensa bayesianas, véase Slater Simek, "A Bayesian Formulation of C. S. Lewis' 'Argument from Desire'," Sophia 61 (2022), pg. 757-773.
Todd Buras y Michael Cantrell, "C. S. Lewis's Argument from Nostalgia: A New Argument from Desire," en Walls y Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 304-320.
Christophe de Ray, "Is the Desire for Life Rational?" Religious Studies
Thomas Morris, Making Sense of it All (Eerdmans, 1992), cap. 4.
Joshua Seachris, "The Meaning of Life as Narrative: A New Proposal for Interpreting Philosophy's 'Primary' Question," Philo 12 (2009), pg. 5-23.
Trent Dougherty, "Belief that Life has Meaning Confirms that Life has Meaning: A Bayesian Approach," en Seachris y Goetz (eds.), God and Meaning: New Essays (Bloomsbury, 2016), cap. 4.
Alexander Pruss, "The Ontological Argument and the Motivational Centers of Lives," Religious Studies 46/2 (2010), pg. 233-249.
Jerry Walls, "The God of Love and the Meaning of Life," en Walls y Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 304-320.
Stewart Goetz, The Purpose of Life (Continuum, 2012). Véase también MORAL > Las exigencias prácticas y racionales de la moralidad > Kant, Layman
Marcus Hunt, "Gratitude is Only Fittingly Targeted Toward Agents," Sophia 61 (2022), pg. 345-363.
Pascal, Pensées. Douglas Groothuis, "Disposed Royalty: Pascal's Anthropological Argument," Journal of the Evangelical Philosophical Society 41/2 (1998), pg. 297-313. Robert Velarde, "Greatness and Wretchedness: The Usefulness of Pascal's Anthropological Argument in Apologetics," Christian Research Journal 27/2 (2004). Jonathan Threlfall, "The Imago Dei and Blaise Pascal's Abductive Anthropological Argument," Philosophia Christi 20/2 (2018), pg. 379-400.
Jeremy Neill y Tyler McNabb, "By Whose Authority? A Political Argument for God's Existence," European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 11/2 (2019), pg. 163-189. Véase también McNabb, God and Political Theory (Cambridge, 2022), cap. 1.
Loren Meierding, "The Consensus Gentium Argument," Faith and Philosophy 15/3 (1998), pg. 271-297. Linda Zagzebski, "Epistemic Self-Trust and the Consensus Gentium Argument," in Clark & VanArragon (eds.), Evidence and Religious Belief (Oxford, 2011), pg. 22-36. Thomas Kelly, Consensus Gentium: Reflections on the 'Common Consent' Argument for the Existence of God," in Clark & VanArragon (eds.), Evidence and Religious Belief (Oxford, 2011), pg. 135-156. Una excelente discusión del argumento es Jonathan Matheson, "The Argument from Common Consent," en Ruloff y Horban (eds.), Contemporary Arguments in Natural Theology (Bloomsbury, 2021), pg. 293-309.
Sebastein Réhault, "Can Atheism Be Epistemically Responsible When So Many People Believe in God?" European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 7/1 (2015), pg. 181-198.
Mark Dobrzeniecki, "Is the Fact that Other People Believe in God a Reason to Believe? Remarks on the Consensus Gentium Argument," European Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 10/3 (2013), pg. 133-153.
Felipe Migel, "The Epistemic Significance of Agreement with Exceptional Theistic Philosophers," Faith and Philosophy 37/4 (2020), pg. 451-474.
Los metaargumentos apelan a consideraciones metafilosóficas sobre argumentos y teorías en apoyo del teísmo.
Varios, El Argumento Trascendental para la Existencia de Dios (Presuposicionalismo, 2022). James Anderson, "No Dilemma for the Proponent of the Transcendental Argument," Philosophia Christi 13/1 (2011), pg. 189-198. Uno de los mejores ensayos sobre los TAG, que ha influido en formulaciones posteriores (como la de Anderson mencionada anteriormente), es el de Sean Choi, "The Transcendental Argument," en Geisler y Meister (eds.), Reasons for Faith (Crossway, 2007), pg. 231-247. No tengo claro si los argumentos trascendentales no estarían mejor categorizados como NOOLÓGICOS, junto al argumento de la razón, o METAFÍSICOS, junto a los argumentos de las proposiciones.
Bálint Békefi, "Van Til versus Stroud: Is the Transcendental Argument for Christian Theism Viable?" TheoLogica 2/1 (2018), pg. 136-160. Békefi critica el argumento, pero su esbozo parece captar con precisión cómo sería un TAG, si fuera defendible. Para un puñado de argumentos que parecen ajustarse a este perfil, véase Joshua Rasmussen, "Does Atheism Entail a Contradiction?" Manuscrito 44/4 (2021), pg. 31-48.
Sugerido en C. A. McIntosh, "Recent Work on Theistic Arguments I" Philosophy Compass 17/7 (2022), pg. 1-12. Para la defensa de la afirmación de que deberíamos esperar, si el teísmo fuera cierto, que las pruebas del teísmo fueran ambiguas, véase Paul Moser, "Cognitive Idolatry and Divine Hiding," en Howard-Snyder y Moser (eds.), Divine Hiddenness: New Essays (Cambridge, 2002), pg. 120-148 y más ampliamente en sus libros The Elusive God (Cambridge, 2008) y The Evidence for God (Cambridge, 2010).
Benjamin Arbour, "Dogmatic Open-Mindedness and Open-Minded Dogmatics," en Trickett y Gilhooly (eds.), Open-Mindedness in Philosophy of Religion (Cambridge Scholars, 2019), cap. 5.
Alexander Pruss y Joshua Rasmussen, Necessary Existence (Oxford, 2018), p. 195, 207. Supongo que Pruss y Rasmussen están siendo un poco irónicos.
Alexander Pruss y Joshua Rasmussen, Necessary Existence (Oxford, 2018), p. 195, 207. Supongo que Pruss y Rasmussen están siendo un poco irónicos.
Los argumentos lingüísticos apelan a los hechos sobre el lenguaje y la semántica como apoyo al teísmo.
George Berkeley, Alciphron. Buena discusión en Benjamin Jantzen, An Introduction to Design Arguments (Cambridge, 2014), pg. 78-90. Defensa contemporánea es Todd DeRose, "Semantic Compositionality and Berkeley's Divine Language Argument," Religious Studies (forthcoming).
J. J. C. Smart y J. J. Haldane, Atheism and Theism (Blackwell, 1996).
Jeffrey Johnson y Joyclynn Potter, "The Argument from Language and the Existence of God," Journal of Religion, 85/1 (2005), pg. 83-93.
Daniel Bonevac, "Arguments from Knowledge, Reference, and Content," en Walls y Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 215-237.
Alexander Pruss, "Counterfactuals, Vagueness, and God," en Walls y Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 76-88.
Los argumentos nomológicos apelan al estatus ontológico y la estructura de las leyes de la naturaleza como apoyo al teísmo.
John Peterson, "Law and Thomistic Exemplarism," The Thomist, 60/1 (1996), pg. 81-108. El argumento de Peterson es un buen resumen de un argumento escolástico común.
Del Ratzsch, "Nomo(theo)logical Necessity," Faith and Philosophy 4/4 (1987), pg. 383-402.
John Foster, The Divine Lawmaker: Lectures on Induction, Laws of Nature, and the Existence of God (Oxford, 2004).
Richard Swinburne, The Existence of God (Oxford, 2004), cap. 7.
Bradley Monton, "Atheistic Induction by Boltzmann Brains," en Walls y Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 184-197.
Bruce Gordon, "The Necessity of Sufficiency: The Argument from the Incompleteness of Nature," en Walls y Dougherty (eds.), Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God (Oxford, 2018), pg. 417-445.
James Orr, "No God, No Powers," International Philosophical Quarterly 59/4 (2019), pg. 411-426. Ver también Orr, The Mind of God and The Works of Nature: Laws and Powers in Naturalism, Platonism, and Classical Theism (Peeters, 2019). El argumento de Orr para (5) es similar al de Travis Dumsday en "A Cosmological Argument from Moderate Realism," Heythrop Journal 61/5 (2020), pg. 732-736. Para el esquema, ver METAFÍSICOS > Universales.
Tyler Hildebrand y Thomas Metcalf, "The Nomological Argument for the Existence of God," Nous 56/2 (2022), pg. 442-472. Ver también su presentación más accesible, "The Nomological Argument for the Existence of God," Big Think, May, 2021. Para un argumento similar, ver Robin Collins, "God and the Laws of Nature," Philo 12/2 (2009), pg. 142-171.
Si tienes algún argumento para añadir a esta web, por favor escríbenos a info@catolicismoreformado.com
Si encuentras un error de traducción, bibliografía o tipeo, por favor escríbenos a info@catolicismoreformado.com
Idea original de C. A. McIntosh. No compartimos todos los argumentos ni toda la teología del autor, pero creemos que es un recurso útil.